Pandas Profiling Report: NOOA - Estaciones de España (Día)

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	11
Number of observations	2778702
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	233.2 MiB
Average record size in memory	88.0 B

Variable types

Categorical	1
DateTime	1
Numeric	9

Warnings

`id_estacion` has a high cardinality: 207 distinct values	High cardinality
`tmax` is highly correlated with `tmin`	High correlation
`tmin` is highly correlated with `tmax`	High correlation
`longitud` is highly correlated with `latitud`	High correlation
`latitud` is highly correlated with `longitud`	High correlation
`tmax` is highly correlated with `tmin`	High correlation
`tmin` is highly correlated with `tmax`	High correlation
`tmax` is highly correlated with `tmin`	High correlation
`tmin` is highly correlated with `tmax`	High correlation
`tmin` is highly correlated with `fecha_cnt` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`latitud` is highly correlated with `longitud` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`fecha_cnt` is highly correlated with `tmin` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`longitud` is highly correlated with `latitud` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`altitud` is highly correlated with `latitud` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`tmax` is highly correlated with `tmin` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`nevada` is highly skewed (γ1 = 589.8913408)	Skewed
`prof_nieve` is highly skewed (γ1 = 65.86614932)	Skewed
`precip` has 2066251 (74.4%) zeros	Zeros
`nevada` has 2778673 (> 99.9%) zeros	Zeros
`prof_nieve` has 2772465 (99.8%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-10-09 13:00:35.267498
Analysis finished	2021-10-09 13:01:50.708049
Duration	1 minute and 15.44 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.0.0
Download configuration	config.json

id_estacion
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	207
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

SP000009981	42185
SP000008280	40383
SP000003195	36896
SPE00120629	36821
SPE00155259	36704
Other values (202)	2585713

Length

Max length	11
Median length	11
Mean length	11
Min length	11

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	30565722
Distinct characters	15
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	SP000003195
2nd row	SP000003195
3rd row	SP000003195
4th row	SP000003195
5th row	SP000003195

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
SP000009981	42185	1.5%
SP000008280	40383	1.5%
SP000003195	36896	1.3%
SPE00120629	36821	1.3%
SPE00155259	36704	1.3%
SP000060010	36284	1.3%
SP000008027	34301	1.2%
SPE00120458	33080	1.2%
SPE00119711	33057	1.2%
SPE00120620	32466	1.2%
Other values (197)	2416525	87.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
sp000009981	42185	1.5%
sp000008280	40383	1.5%
sp000003195	36896	1.3%
spe00120629	36821	1.3%
spe00155259	36704	1.3%
sp000060010	36284	1.3%
sp000008027	34301	1.2%
spe00120458	33080	1.2%
spe00119711	33057	1.2%
spe00120620	32466	1.2%
Other values (197)	2416525	87.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9332042	30.5%
1	3867798	12.7%
S	2778702	9.1%
P	2778702	9.1%
2	2339578	7.7%
E	2249350	7.4%
5	1406537	4.6%
9	1394106	4.6%
6	1023402	3.3%
8	967933	3.2%
Other values (5)	2427572	7.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	22706150	74.3%
Uppercase Letter	7859572	25.7%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9332042	41.1%
1	3867798	17.0%
2	2339578	10.3%
5	1406537	6.2%
9	1394106	6.1%
6	1023402	4.5%
8	967933	4.3%
3	919852	4.1%
4	856691	3.8%
7	598211	2.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	2778702	35.4%
P	2778702	35.4%
E	2249350	28.6%
W	36816	0.5%
M	16002	0.2%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	22706150	74.3%
Latin	7859572	25.7%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9332042	41.1%
1	3867798	17.0%
2	2339578	10.3%
5	1406537	6.2%
9	1394106	6.1%
6	1023402	4.5%
8	967933	4.3%
3	919852	4.1%
4	856691	3.8%
7	598211	2.6%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	2778702	35.4%
P	2778702	35.4%
E	2249350	28.6%
W	36816	0.5%
M	16002	0.2%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	30565722	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9332042	30.5%
1	3867798	12.7%
S	2778702	9.1%
P	2778702	9.1%
2	2339578	7.7%
E	2249350	7.4%
5	1406537	4.6%
9	1394106	4.6%
6	1023402	3.3%
8	967933	3.2%
Other values (5)	2427572	7.9%

fecha
Date

Distinct	44554
Distinct (%)	1.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Minimum	1896-11-01 00:00:00
Maximum	2021-08-10 00:00:00

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

fecha_cnt
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	366
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	183.4308911

Minimum	1
Maximum	366
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	19
Q1	93
median	184
Q3	274
95-th percentile	347
Maximum	366
Range	365
Interquartile range (IQR)	181

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	105.2283277
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.573667429
Kurtosis	-1.194650744
Mean	183.4308911
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	91
Skewness	-0.0032271497
Sum	509699784
Variance	11073.00095
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
126	7734	0.3%
122	7732	0.3%
95	7725	0.3%
124	7723	0.3%
96	7722	0.3%
93	7721	0.3%
123	7719	0.3%
121	7716	0.3%
125	7713	0.3%
92	7709	0.3%
Other values (356)	2701488	97.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	7584	0.3%
2	7611	0.3%
3	7614	0.3%
4	7608	0.3%
5	7615	0.3%
6	7610	0.3%
7	7545	0.3%
8	7558	0.3%
9	7546	0.3%
10	7561	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
366	1979	0.1%
365	7601	0.3%
364	7607	0.3%
363	7587	0.3%
362	7600	0.3%
361	7611	0.3%
360	7583	0.3%
359	7562	0.3%
358	7576	0.3%
357	7578	0.3%

tmax
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	632
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	200.1744948

Minimum	-196
Maximum	472
Zeros	1752
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Negative	14996
Negative (%)	0.5%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-196
5-th percentile	74
Q1	145
median	200
Q3	257
95-th percentile	330
Maximum	472
Range	668
Interquartile range (IQR)	112

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	78.57346962
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3925248804
Kurtosis	-0.2814421038
Mean	200.1744948
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	56
Skewness	-0.05182643485
Sum	556225269
Variance	6173.790128
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
200	32790	1.2%
150	30517	1.1%
170	30282	1.1%
180	30107	1.1%
160	29697	1.1%
210	29465	1.1%
220	29318	1.1%
190	28687	1.0%
230	27378	1.0%
250	26688	1.0%
Other values (622)	2483773	89.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-196	1	< 0.1%
-191	1	< 0.1%
-183	2	< 0.1%
-181	1	< 0.1%
-175	1	< 0.1%
-174	1	< 0.1%
-170	1	< 0.1%
-167	1	< 0.1%
-161	1	< 0.1%
-160	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
472	1	< 0.1%
469	1	< 0.1%
466	3	< 0.1%
462	1	< 0.1%
461	1	< 0.1%
460	2	< 0.1%
459	1	< 0.1%
457	3	< 0.1%
456	5	< 0.1%
455	2	< 0.1%

tmin
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	543
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	98.76497408

Minimum	-300
Maximum	332
Zeros	17473
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Negative	217549
Negative (%)	7.8%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-300
5-th percentile	-16
Q1	50
median	100
Q3	150
95-th percentile	205
Maximum	332
Range	632
Interquartile range (IQR)	100

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	67.83950071
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.68687813
Kurtosis	-0.429977061
Mean	98.76497408
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	50
Skewness	-0.2155019529
Sum	274438431
Variance	4602.197856
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
100	39078	1.4%
150	35049	1.3%
90	34794	1.3%
80	34575	1.2%
120	34322	1.2%
110	33833	1.2%
70	32829	1.2%
140	32792	1.2%
130	32746	1.2%
60	30502	1.1%
Other values (533)	2438182	87.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-300	1	< 0.1%
-282	1	< 0.1%
-280	1	< 0.1%
-252	1	< 0.1%
-248	1	< 0.1%
-245	1	< 0.1%
-240	3	< 0.1%
-236	1	< 0.1%
-232	1	< 0.1%
-231	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
332	1	< 0.1%
322	1	< 0.1%
319	1	< 0.1%
318	1	< 0.1%
314	2	< 0.1%
310	1	< 0.1%
307	1	< 0.1%
306	2	< 0.1%
304	1	< 0.1%
302	1	< 0.1%

precip
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	1383
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	16.43283195

Minimum	0
Maximum	3600
Zeros	2066251
Zeros (%)	74.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	1
95-th percentile	100
Maximum	3600
Range	3600
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	59.10199543
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.596580042
Kurtosis	148.4722969
Mean	16.43283195
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	8.536300929
Sum	45661943
Variance	3493.045863
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2066251	74.4%
1	41261	1.5%
2	35913	1.3%
3	27965	1.0%
4	22168	0.8%
5	19847	0.7%
10	19741	0.7%
6	17836	0.6%
8	15445	0.6%
7	13172	0.5%
Other values (1373)	499103	18.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2066251	74.4%
1	41261	1.5%
2	35913	1.3%
3	27965	1.0%
4	22168	0.8%
5	19847	0.7%
6	17836	0.6%
7	13172	0.5%
8	15445	0.6%
9	10024	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3600	1	< 0.1%
3370	1	< 0.1%
3361	1	< 0.1%
3300	1	< 0.1%
3211	1	< 0.1%
3198	1	< 0.1%
3130	1	< 0.1%
2990	1	< 0.1%
2966	1	< 0.1%
2800	1	< 0.1%

nevada
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	18
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.0002929425322

Minimum	0
Maximum	119
Zeros	2778673
Zeros (%)	> 99.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	119
Range	119
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1299940683
Coefficient of variation (CV)	443.7527979
Kurtosis	406874.9611
Mean	0.0002929425322
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	589.8913408
Sum	814
Variance	0.01689845778
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=18)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2778673	> 99.9%
3	5	< 0.1%
5	4	< 0.1%
8	3	< 0.1%
51	2	< 0.1%
13	2	< 0.1%
28	2	< 0.1%
119	1	< 0.1%
15	1	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%
Other values (8)	8	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2778673	> 99.9%
3	5	< 0.1%
5	4	< 0.1%
8	3	< 0.1%
13	2	< 0.1%
15	1	< 0.1%
18	1	< 0.1%
23	1	< 0.1%
28	2	< 0.1%
30	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
119	1	< 0.1%
79	1	< 0.1%
71	1	< 0.1%
69	1	< 0.1%
58	1	< 0.1%
51	2	< 0.1%
46	1	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%
30	1	< 0.1%
28	2	< 0.1%

prof_nieve
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	143
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.4788465982

Minimum	0
Maximum	2499
Zeros	2772465
Zeros (%)	99.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	2499
Range	2499
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	18.30344751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	38.22403162
Kurtosis	5792.795106
Mean	0.4788465982
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	65.86614932
Sum	1330572
Variance	335.0161907
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2772465	99.8%
10	1228	< 0.1%
20	537	< 0.1%
30	330	< 0.1%
51	318	< 0.1%
99	264	< 0.1%
41	259	< 0.1%
201	197	< 0.1%
150	187	< 0.1%
79	153	< 0.1%
Other values (133)	2764	0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2772465	99.8%
10	1228	< 0.1%
20	537	< 0.1%
25	8	< 0.1%
30	330	< 0.1%
41	259	< 0.1%
51	318	< 0.1%
61	136	< 0.1%
71	148	< 0.1%
76	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2499	12	< 0.1%
2301	5	< 0.1%
2200	3	< 0.1%
2080	1	< 0.1%
1999	14	< 0.1%
1900	5	< 0.1%
1801	6	< 0.1%
1750	17	< 0.1%
1709	1	< 0.1%
1699	17	< 0.1%

longitud
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	201
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	39.70648301

Minimum	27.8189
Maximum	43.5667
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	27.8189
5-th percentile	28.4775
Q1	38.2828
median	40.8442
Q3	42.0831
95-th percentile	43.3669
Maximum	43.5667
Range	15.7478
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.8003

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.73806283
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.09414238044
Kurtosis	3.245285269
Mean	39.70648301
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.5958
Skewness	-1.86675048
Sum	110332483.8
Variance	13.97311372
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
40.8206	42185	1.5%
38.9519	40383	1.5%
40.4117	36896	1.3%
41.1144	36821	1.3%
41.4181	36704	1.3%
28.3089	36284	1.3%
38.9892	36155	1.3%
43.3075	34301	1.2%
28.4631	33080	1.2%
43.3669	33057	1.2%
Other values (191)	2412836	86.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.8189	17333	0.6%
27.9225	10262	0.4%
28.0475	14855	0.5%
28.3089	36284	1.3%
28.4444	19576	0.7%
28.4631	33080	1.2%
28.4775	28684	1.0%
28.6331	19113	0.7%
28.9517	18366	0.7%
35.2778	21544	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
43.5667	19167	0.7%
43.5606	12347	0.4%
43.5381	22792	0.8%
43.4917	16485	0.6%
43.4644	26669	1.0%
43.4292	21429	0.8%
43.3669	33057	1.2%
43.3606	21511	0.8%
43.3542	17733	0.6%
43.3075	34301	1.2%

latitud
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	206
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-3.417536764

Minimum	-17.8889
Maximum	4.2156
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	1933173
Negative (%)	69.6%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-17.8889
5-th percentile	-16.2553
Q1	-5.6417
median	-3.4503
Q3	0.4914
95-th percentile	2.3767
Maximum	4.2156
Range	22.1045
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.1331

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.689366735
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-1.372148146
Kurtosis	1.542218244
Mean	-3.417536764
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.6053
Skewness	-1.171888945
Sum	-9496316.242
Variance	21.99016038
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-3.7892	45659	1.6%
0.4914	42185	1.5%
-1.8631	40383	1.5%
-3.6781	36896	1.3%
-1.4106	36821	1.3%
2.1239	36704	1.3%
-16.4992	36284	1.3%
-2.0392	34301	1.2%
-16.2553	33080	1.2%
-8.4192	33057	1.2%
Other values (196)	2403332	86.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-17.8889	17333	0.6%
-17.755	19113	0.7%
-16.5606	14855	0.5%
-16.4992	36284	1.3%
-16.3292	28684	1.0%
-16.2553	33080	1.2%
-15.3892	10262	0.4%
-13.8631	19576	0.7%
-13.6003	18366	0.7%
-8.6494	9706	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.2156	19696	0.7%
3.1817	4598	0.2%
3.1658	4603	0.2%
3.0967	4604	0.2%
3.0353	4601	0.2%
3.0325	4601	0.2%
2.8342	1681	0.1%
2.8267	4003	0.1%
2.8253	21143	0.8%
2.8067	3615	0.1%

altitud
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	173
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	425.0443864

Minimum	1
Maximum	2535
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	21.2 MiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	4
Q1	42
median	251
Q3	667
95-th percentile	1143
Maximum	2535
Range	2534
Interquartile range (IQR)	625

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	506.8215407
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.19239674
Kurtosis	4.529438433
Mean	425.0443864
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	237
Skewness	1.941035627
Sum	1181071687
Variance	256868.0741
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	82977	3.0%
1	59206	2.1%
35	50120	1.8%
32	48181	1.7%
44	42185	1.5%
64	41524	1.5%
704	40383	1.5%
7	39402	1.4%
25	38990	1.4%
5	37975	1.4%
Other values (163)	2297759	82.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	59206	2.1%
2	9206	0.3%
3	22163	0.8%
4	82977	3.0%
5	37975	1.4%
6	19208	0.7%
7	39402	1.4%
8	3427	0.1%
11	31219	1.1%
14	22967	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2535	4573	0.2%
2519	4565	0.2%
2451	4739	0.2%
2400	4503	0.2%
2371	36284	1.3%
2316	4593	0.2%
2266	4603	0.2%
2247	4444	0.2%
2230	4601	0.2%
2228	4579	0.2%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	id_estacion	fecha	fecha_cnt	tmax	tmin	precip	longitud	latitud	altitud
0	SP000003195	1920-01-01	1	119.0	88.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
1	SP000003195	1920-01-02	2	110.0	26.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
2	SP000003195	1920-01-03	3	86.0	24.0	14.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
3	SP000003195	1920-01-04	4	68.0	25.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
4	SP000003195	1920-01-05	5	66.0	16.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
5	SP000003195	1920-01-06	6	58.0	-15.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
6	SP000003195	1920-01-07	7	69.0	8.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
7	SP000003195	1920-01-08	8	62.0	-16.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
8	SP000003195	1920-01-09	9	122.0	-12.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0
9	SP000003195	1920-01-10	10	97.0	9.0	0.0	40.4117	-3.6781	667.0

Last rows

	id_estacion	fecha	fecha_cnt	tmax	tmin	precip	longitud	latitud	altitud
2778692	SPW00014011	1967-12-22	356	61.0	-11.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778693	SPW00014011	1967-12-23	357	33.0	0.0	3.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778694	SPW00014011	1967-12-24	358	56.0	17.0	10.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778695	SPW00014011	1967-12-25	359	89.0	-22.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778696	SPW00014011	1967-12-26	360	100.0	44.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778697	SPW00014011	1967-12-27	361	94.0	0.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778698	SPW00014011	1967-12-28	362	94.0	-28.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778699	SPW00014011	1967-12-29	363	72.0	-33.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778700	SPW00014011	1967-12-30	364	61.0	-33.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1
2778701	SPW00014011	1967-12-31	365	67.0	-61.0	0.0	40.4833	-3.45	608.1

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows